Passeriformes
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | average number of hatchlings per nest, 2 years | hatchlings/nest | Not Reported | Hatchling | 27-52 pairs/yr | eastern Ontario, Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 27-52 pairs/yr | eastern Ontario, Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | average number of young surviving to fledge per nest, 2 years | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 27-52 pairs/yr | eastern Ontario, Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Clutches or Litters per year | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 27-52 pairs/yr | eastern Ontario, Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | ||
Territory Size | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | ||
Time of Nesting | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | ||
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | ||
Body Weight - Mean | review | Both Adults and Juveniles | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | range of average incubation periods, in two habitats, for successful nests | d | Not Reported | Embryo | 64 clutches | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | range of average nestling periods, in two habitats, for successful nests | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 64 clutches | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Hatching Success | 1.8 | average number of hatchlings per nest | hatchlings/nest | Not Reported | Hatchling | 64 clutches, 245 eggs | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.0 SD |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.4 | average number of fledglings produced per nest | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 64 clutches, 245 eggs | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.7 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | survival rate of juveniles prior to dispersal from the breeding territory | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36 nests | Yakima Training Center | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | 84 | average percent of nests that hatched at least 1 young, 4 years | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | 133 pairs | Lawton, Comanche County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 60 | average percent of nests that fledged at least 1 young, 4 years | % | Not Reported | Fledgling | 133 pairs | Lawton, Comanche County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size | 5.8 | average clutch size, 4 years | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 101 nests | Lawton, Comanche County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 16.9 | average incubation period, 4 years | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 55 nests | Lawton, Comanche County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | late Feb-early Apr | period of egg laying | Female | Adult | 1 pair, 4 years | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara | ||
Clutch or Litter Size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 9 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range of nesting density, 2 study areas | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10-19 pairs/study area | Ada, Elmore, Owyhee Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 9.3 | ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10 pairs | Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3.8 SD |
Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | period from hatching to leaving nest | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 8 birds | Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year | number of broods raised in one nesting season | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 pairs | Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA | |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA | |
Clutch or Litter Size | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA | |
Hatching Success | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | nesting territory size | ac | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 pairs | Bloomington | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Time of Mating/ Laying | May 25, 26 (first clutch); June 10, 17 (second clutch) | initiation dates of first and second clutches | Both Male and Female | Adult | 2 nests | Bloomington | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Body Weight - Mean | g | Not Reported | Hatchling | 3 birds | Bloomington | Exposure Factor Datasets | day of hatch |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 9.1 | territory width across sloughs | m | Both Male and Female | Adult | 64 sample areas | Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | breeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | with & without suppl. food | Male | Adult | 23 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 56-108 d | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 73 | survival; no suppl. food; survival fledgling to independence | % | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 29 pairs without suppl. food | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
Body Weight - Mean | 4.2 | mean mass of nestlings 1 d old; no addtn. food | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 14 nestlings | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.17 SE |
Body Weight - Mean | 15.55 | mean mass of nestlings 6 d old; no suppl. food | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 60 nestlings | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.31 SE |
Body Weight - Mean | 4.43 | mean mass of nestlings with suppl. food 1 d old; | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 13 nestlings | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.31 SE |
Body Weight - Mean | 16.81 | mean mass of nestlings with suppl. food 6 d old | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 48 nestlings | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.3 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 1745 | mean territory size, measured by song playbacks and observations of border disputes | m^2 | Male | Adult | 6 birds | Reifel Island, Delta, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 406 SD |
Territory Size | 3956 | mean territory size, measured by song playbacks and observations of border disputes | m^2 | Male | Adult | 6 birds | Reifel Island, Delta, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 611 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | 2 | clutches/year | Both Male and Female | Adult | about 5 each | Rockefeller University field research center | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Time of Molt | 9 August-10 November | includes prebasic molt | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | about 10 | Rockefeller University field research center | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 7.8 | median density; 10 fold fluctuation over 15 yr period | females/ha | Female | Not Reported | 19 years | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Time of Mating/ Laying | Mar-July | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 15 years | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | ||
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 13 | for clutches with 1-5 eggs | d | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 15 years | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | d | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 15 years | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 4 (+/-4) | mean nest densities in strip cover along fields | nests/100 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 35 fields | Adair County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 412 (foxtail); or 468 (smartweed); or 85 (hemp); or 3943 (pigweed) | estimated number of seeds per hour required at 0 degrees C for active individuals | seeds/hour | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | active | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | g | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 11-37 birds | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 9 - >90 wks | CANADA |
Body Weight - Mean | g | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 2-17 birds | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 9 - >90 wks | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 0.44 | proportion of nests that fledged at least one young | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 nests | airports in east-central IL | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Population Density | 0.02 | nest density | nests/ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 nests | airports in east-central IL | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 1.69 (40) | mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) | pairs/square mile | Both Male and Female | Adult | 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 12,406.8 | average territory size in mated birds | m^2 | Male | Adult | 17 birds | Boulder | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Territory Size | 3,228.1 | average territory size of unmated birds | m^2 | Male | Adult | 7 birds | Boulder | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 4.00 | body weight of average adult | oz | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Body Weight - Mean | 0.25 | body weight of day-old nestling | oz | Not Reported | Nestling | 2 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Dietary Composition | grain (30.8), weed seed (5.3), miscell. vegetable (0.6), Coleoptera (21.3), Orthoptera (20.3), Lepidoptera (12.2), Hemiptera (1.7), Hymenoptera (5.6), Diptera (0.1), Arachnida (0.2), miscell. insects (1.9) | percent contribution to the diet by volume, based on stomach content analyses | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | ~2,000 stomachs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | mourning dove | item found in stomach analysis | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1 bird | New Mexico State Hwy 26 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range of mean breeding bird densities on three grassland-sagebrush sites (over two years) | territories/16 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 sites | Wasatch National Forest | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Nesting | first two weeks of May | peak time of nest initiation | Both Male and Female | Adult | 46 nests | near Delta, Manitoba | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | ||
Clutch or Litter Size | 5.41 | mean size of clutches laid early (pre-May 1), mid (May 1-10), or late season (post-May 10) | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 41 nests | near Delta, Manitoba | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.14 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 101.5 | mean body weight | g | Male | Adult | 8 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 12.73 | mean body weight of extimus subspecies | g | Not Reported | Adult | 34 captures | Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.16 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 0.10 | breeding territory size | ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 7 pairs | Colorado River | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.05 SD |
Territory Size | 0.5 | territory size of unpaired male | ha | Male | Adult | 1 | Colorado River | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 18% | percent of nests that fledged at least one young | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 17 nest attempts (in 5 sample years) | Colorado River | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Clutch or Litter Size | 3 | mean clutch size | eggs/nest | Female | Adult | 3 nests | Colorado River | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 66 | percent of birds that successfully fledged one young | % | Female | Adult | 98 birds | Gibraltar Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Barbara |
Survival/ Mortality | 48/312 | proportion of young banded as nestlings or fledglings returning to study area in subsequent yrs | birds returning/birds banded | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 312 birds | Gibraltar Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Barbara |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | review | historical and recent population data | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | review | reproductive success data | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | number of singing males per linear km of suitable habitat | birds/km | Male | Adult | 8 survey sites | various CA locations | Exposure Factor Datasets |
San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.2 | seasonal mean | eggs | Not Reported | 157 nests | San Pablo Marsh | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | 0.6 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.28 | eggs/nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | 90 records | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 24.5; 15.4; 5.4 | depending on habitat type | nesting pairs/ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 (nesting pair density) | Petaluma marsh | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma |
Territory Size | 387; 498; 644 | depending upon habitat type | m2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-11 | Petaluma marsh | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 16.6-32.4 (salt marsh), 10.6-13.1 (altered salt marsh), 16.6-24.7 (brackish marsh), 9.1-17.5 (altered brackish marsh) | breeding population densities | pairs/ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 26 sample areas | Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | breeding |
Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 13.3 | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 28 nests | Toledo, Wooster, OH | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.1 SE |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 12.3 | d | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 82 chicks | Toledo, Wooster, OH | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.1 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.11 | mean fledglings in nests of known numbers of eggs | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 89 nests | Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality | see figure in citation | figure showing percent survival over time of eggs and nestlings | Not Reported | Embryo, Nestling | 272 eggs, 91 nests | Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 12.59 | mean body weight of brewsteri subspecies | g | Not Reported | Adult | 33 captures | Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.13 SD |
Body Weight - Mean | 13.07 | mean body weight of traillii subspecies | g | Not Reported | Adult | 7 captures | Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.84 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 16% | Percent of nests that fledged young | Not Reported | Fledgling | 19 nests | Kern River Preserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 56.3% | percent of unparasitized nests with at least one fledgling | Not Reported | Fledgling | 16 nests | Illinois River, Arapahoe National Wildlife Refuge (elev. 2,500 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 18.2% | percent of parasitized nests with at least one fledgling | Not Reported | Fledgling | 11 nests | Illinois River, Arapahoe National Wildlife Refuge (elev. 2,500 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | total daily energy expenditure | kJ/h | Male | Adult | 2-4 birds per breeding phase | Hudson Biological Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
Metabolic Rate | total daily energy expenditure | kJ/d | Female | Adult | 2-6 birds per breeding phase | Hudson Biological Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Migration or Dispersal | early to mid-June | timing of arrival of spring migrants | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sierra |
Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 5.37 | mean body weight of museum specimens | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 23 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 2.2 | breeding density estimate | birds/36 ha | Male | Adult | 6 territories | Palomarin Field Station, Point Reyes Bird Observatory | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin | breeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | See figure | figure showing mapping of approximate ranges of two flocks during one season | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 2 flocks | University of California campus | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Barbara | nonbreeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 3.96 | approximate basal rate of nocturnal oxygen consumption, measured at 30 deg C | cc O^2/g/h | Not Reported | Adult | 12 birds | captured at Occidental College, Los Angeles | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Mollusca (0.00), Crustacea (0.27), Arachnida (0.14), Insecta (14.77), Reptilia (53.29), Mammalia (27.66), Aves (3.86) | percent of total prey found in pellets by biomass | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1238 pellets | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range in density of pairs, 4 years | pairs/km | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5-13 pairs/year | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.33 | mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 29 nests | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.34 SD |
Survival/ Mortality | 45 | percent of fledglings that died before reaching independence from parents | % | Not Reported | Fledgling | 29 nests | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |